Triggers of the Economic Currency Crisis-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Various money emergencies have influenced certain nations, which have additionally brought about virus as in the emergencies influenced neighboring nations. In a basic article, select a nation (or nations) influenced by a speci?c cash emergency. Investigate the wellspring of the emergency and the speci?c goals of the issue. Demonstrate whether the International Monetary Fund (IMF) or another sovereign state or nation gave intercession. Has the nation's economy recouped since the finish of the emergency? Answer: Candelon, Dumitrescu Hurlin (2014) referenced that Currency emergency alludes to the condition wherein questions emerge with the adequate measure of remote trade saves which is required to keep up the countrys outside trade rates. Such emergency may begin in one nation yet the impact can be felt in the neighboring nations as well. Money emergency may be joined by temporary hit in the outside trade advertise. There may be various causes behind money emergency. The fundamental general reason for cash emergency is the disappointment of national bank to proceed with a fixed rate in the drifting state of outside money. This specific article will manage the money emergency of Zimbabwe and Malaysia by concentrating on the sources and techniques for alleviation. The decrease in the estimation of a countrys cash influences the national economy in a negative manner since flimsiness happens in the pace of trade. It tends to be essentially expressed that the cash emergency happens as an interfac e between the desires for the financial specialists and the plausible result of those desires (Abdullah Chan, 2016). One of the most significant occurrences throughout the entire existence of Malaysian economy was the Asian Financial Crisis. Baharumshah, MacDonald Mohd (2017) expressed that this occasion had brought about the contracting of Malaysias GDP all things considered. In 1996 the countrys GDP was US$ 100.8 billion however it was declined to US$72.2 billion inside two years. Because of that, Bank Negara in Malaysia had joined the Malaysian ringgit at 3.80 to US$ to put on capital controls. The Malaysian cash emergency happened in 1997-98 which had three prime choices. These varieties were-good danger driven loaning, cash emergency because of bank run and the ramifications of accounting report in money deterioration. The fundamental driver of the Malaysian emergency can be classified as following- Macroeconomic dissimilarity and basic misshapening Sudden moves in advertise potential and confirmation Lack in current record and organization of outside liabilities Consistent trade rates and the exaggerate of monetary standards No appropriate state model Surprising adjustment in outer condition No appropriate management or standards and strategies about the countrys fund Moral hazard Inborn deformities in the overall monetary structure (Ramli, Ismail Wooi, 2015) The causes referenced above were broadly talked about by Yang (2013) after the Malaysian money emergency which had put an effect on the neighboring nations of Indonesia, Philippines and Thailand. The momentary obligation of these nations as a level of all out obligation got 61, 58 and 65 separately. Essentially their present record deficiency became - 3.62, - 6.02 and - 2.35 in 1997. As far as outside stores, the transient obligation as rate got 176.59, 79.45 and 99.69 in 1996. Over the span of conversation with respect to the cash emergency the contingency of IMF or International Monetary Fund was mulled over. Harvie Van Hoa (2016) mirrored that the International Monetary Fund mediated in the emergency circumstance by offering proposals to fix the macroeconomic strategies, budgetary part change and genuine division change. The legislature had taken up three measures to determine the issue of cash emergency freezing the outside ringgit account, presentation of the year rule and changing the conversion scale at 3.80 RM/$. It has been two decades since the money related emergency in Malaysia however the reasons for the emergency are as yet easily proven wrong. As per Goh McNown (2015) in the year 1997 during the monetary emergency, the Bank of Thailand had would not intercede in the issue so as to shield the Thai money Baht from the US$. By then of time the remote saves massively declined which opened route for the Malaysian emergency. With the event of the emergency, there were contrasts in the response and approach started for settling the emergency circumstance. Larger part of the populace was prepared to react to the monetary emergency however there were some who didn't pay attention to the circumstance by referencing about the sound budgetary framework in the bank. Foundation of Danaharta as an advantage the executives organization was one of the precaution estimates taken in light of the emergency. It was set up with the aim of recapturing benefits by the bank by expelling the awful resources and incorporating the great pieces of the manage an account with different banks. Malaysia had utilized a particular element which had permitted them to take care of an exceptionally low measure of punishment for the emergency. They had managed the monetary establishments as well as talked about with the borrowers in regards to the limiting of obligations in the nation. Pouresmaeili (2015) concurred that the expense of the emergency in Malaysia was truly low because of the protective move that was made. In addition, they didn't expand the pace of enthusiasm as recommended by the International Monetary Fund. The nation needed to experience a great deal of weight for raising the financing costs by 5% yet they didn't consider it as a potential arrangement since it didn't include the estimated hit on the money. Because of the dismissal of the IMFs proposal Malaysia was likewise spared from the gigantic degree of financial misfortune which could have crushed them in any case. The measures that the nation took in face of the emergency expanded their economy by 7 percent in 1999. At present Malaysia has both limit and capacity. They have hold of their observation instrument which has helped them to get an earlier thought regarding the wellspring of reserve stream. Twenty years back they didn't approach such data and that is the reason they couldn't avoid the emergency of money. Right now, the Malaysian cash ringgit has returned to the scope of 4 which is beneath the ringgit 3-80 peg (Yang, 2013). The ringgit doesn't hamper the nuts and bolts if the money related structure these days yet there may be different factors, for example, certainty and sullying. As to the money related emergency, it tends to be expressed that Malaysia has achieved a noteworthy advancement by executing the progressions better than different nations that have likewise confronted comparable debacle. The methodologies that were acknowledged by Malaysia to ease the issues of terrible credits and reshape the banks reveled government arrangements and hence pace and consistency were consider ed advantages. Despite the fact that the budgetary emergency of Malaysia turned into a significant occasion yet the cash emergency of Zimbabwe was no less in correlation. Inside a similar time span of 1991-1996, the Rhodesian Dollar was supplanted by the Zimbabwean dollar at standard worth. At that timespan, President Robert Mugabe went for the Economic Structural Adjustment Program or ESAP in the legislature of Zimbabwean Zanu-PF to put negative effect on the countrys economy (Abel Mudzonga, 2016). Cash emergency in the two nations absolutely compare one another. The financial area consistently assumes the job of an operator in the countrys economy and this procedure is known as money related intercession. Yang (2013) referenced that this term alludes to the assortment of additional stores and loaning to the borrowers. These additional stores can either be present moment, medium term, long haul, distinct or adaptable with call. Hence the all out financial framework is carefully directed by the Reserve bank for monitoring the monetary strength and confirmation in the financial framework. To talk about promotion analyze between the two emergencies about the fund and banking of Zimbabwe the likely explanations of the money related emergency in the nation has been discovered (Brixiov Ncube, 2014). The explanations for the loss of trust in the financial area are given as follows- Indigenization: The question in the administration with respect to the strategy of indigenization and basically no consistency about the issue excited frenzy and dread among the financial specialists just as the investors. Installment of war veteran exchanges: Mugabe needed to maintain a strategic distance from a likely destructive circumstance and paid a joblessness advantage of $6.4 million for the offspring of the war veterans. Tobacco ranchers: With the start of the tobacco promoting season the administration had executed the standard of opening of financial balances for all the ranchers. Those ledgers were then hit with assets to satisfy the repetitive consumption including the spread out installment of reward and motivating forces. The Lima understanding: An understanding was marked with the International Monetary Fund, World Bank and AfDB in the capital of Peru where Finance Minister of Zimbabwe, Chinamasa vowed to pay the measure of $1.8 billion back payments in the following 3 months. Ongoing Gross Settlement or RTGS: The administration had hit on all the assets at the Reserve Bank for taking care of the monetary liabilities therefore influencing the liquidity of banking area (Chidakwa Chigumira, 2016). Open obtaining: The administration has given treasury bills of sum $2 billion however the whole sum was turned over at development which influenced the income of the banks. Illicit money related outpouring: The blend of debasement, absence of lucidity and straightforwardness and risk pricked the monetary income. Feeble income execution: With the closing down of the organizations there were variances in income assortments. The development was stale and creation was likewise hampered. Zanu PF implosion: The infighting of Zanu PF has not in the slightest degree been valuable for the circumstance rather it has brought about danger of usefulness of the legislature and the national economy was left to freeze. Debilitating exchange

Riordan Manufacturing Accounting Systems, Part Ii

RiordanManufacturingAccounting Systems, Part II Business Systems I/BSA 500 November 19, 2012 LiseHautzinger Riordan Manufacturing Accounting Systems, Part II Comprehensive bookkeeping frameworks and practices help organizations in checking income costs and speculations just as distinguish new wellsprings of salary. Riordan Manufacturing’s current bookkeeping framework needs consistency over various areas and essential bookkeeping modules. Every area has a shut framework and dos not fuse other division frameworks, for example, Marketing and Sales, Production, and Operations.Streamlining each bookkeeping framework to incorporate the fundamental bookkeeping modules and consolidating other organization frameworks will assist with guaranteeing consistence and distinguish spending expenses and potential capital ventures. With the three working elements (Georgia, Michigan, and California) and the joint endeavor in the People’s Republic of China, Riordan Manufacturing has a min d boggling bookkeeping arrangement. All data assembled from the working elements is gathered at their corporate office in San Jose, California.Similar to that of different organizations, Riordan Manufacturing must guarantee that there is union between the different substances by imparting fundamental utilization of bookkeeping capacities and strategies. In spite of the fact that the bookkeeping arrangement and dispersion is straightforward to their clients and providers, the conglomeration procedure is perplexing. The proposals introduced by Team A will assist with building an incorporated way to deal with their bookkeeping and circulation arrangement. At any rate, the fundamental segments of each working element bookkeeping framework incorporate the accompanying capacities: General Ledger, Accounts Payable, Accounts Receivable, and Inventory.The organization has distributed asset report data that shows this degree of information by looking at financial year finishing September 30, 2010 versus September 30, 2011. Resources for the Riordan Manufacturing incorporate the accompanying: data got from General Ledger, Accounts Payable, Accounts Receivable, and Inventories. Financial year finishing September 2011 yield all out resources of $47,409,137 contrasted with monetary year 2010 quantities of $34,825,498. That is an expansion of $12,583,639 or roughly 26. % in 2011 contrasted with 2010 resources. Notwithstanding the previously mentioned bookkeeping capacities, Riordan Manufacturing utilizes the standard bookkeeping techniques for money and collection. The two strategies are comparable, however one of these techniques will be utilized dependent on timing. In monetary revealing, the money technique for bookkeeping is utilized when bookkeeping records income when money from clients is gotten, and records costs when they are paid in real money (Sanker, 2012). Thusly, money premise doesn't perceive debt claims or payable.Conversely, gathering strategy for account in corporate things when they are earned notwithstanding asserting derivations when costs are acquired (Sanker, 2012). There are a lot of programming programs accessible to help an organization’s bookkeeping needs. With such a large number of accessible finding the correct programming system can be a weight. Assessing the necessities of an association just as the size of the association will assist one with finding the right programming program. While choosing the product program it ought to be upgradeable for future needs just as have the option to investigate and fix any mistakes in the program.The cost of the bookkeeping programming will likewise have a gigantic influence in settling on a bookkeeping program. Riordan Manufacturing has various divisions of the organization. With regards to bookkeeping programming there are various projects utilized all through Riordan Manufacturing. The San Jose plant utilize an alternate bookkeeping programming program than the Michigan and G eorgia plants. This frequently causes a deferral in monetary revealing, which has caused Riordan Manufacturing investor’s certainty to diminish. The defer will likewise affect the result of future capital investments.When are there mistakes in bookkeeping and monetary records this will regularly prompt blunders and flash exorbitant reviews (Perry, 2006). The various branches of bookkeeping, for example, creditor liabilities, debt claims, and request passage should be kept up by one framework and an individual server with reflecting will do the trick for the above needs and obviously, a legitimate reinforcement arrangement will be for supervision of this information (Perry, 2006). Microsoft produces a program that can address the issues of Riordan Manufacturing. Solomon Great Plains program is the suggestion for Riordan Manufacturing.The capacities required by Riordan Manufacturing and estimating settles on this the intelligent decision for bookkeeping programming. This progra m will permit all divisions to report back to the main issue, consequently giving example reports. One must locate a perfect program that functions admirably with the framework as of now set up. Riordan Manufacturing requires certain frameworks to make a successful and effective bookkeeping framework. Frameworks, for example, deals, bookkeeping, financing and HR need to approach the bookkeeping framework (Apollo Group, Inc. , 2012).Point of offer and sales register systems should ceaselessly, during business hours, be associated with the bookkeeping framework. Reason being, deals are followed and confirmed promptly. Stock should likewise be considered inside the bookkeeping framework to verify that all stock levels are checked and renew without client input. Money related requirements for stock recharging is followed inside the bookkeeping programming framework. Billable hours must be followed for cost purposes to make certain the organization is working inside budgetary and time co nstraints.The bookkeeping frameworks straightforwardly associated with bookkeeping programming must likewise contain the general record accounts, creditor liabilities, and records receivable. Buy orders for plastics orders must create bills to clients. Assortments should likewise approach the organization's bookkeeping framework on the grounds that multiple occasions bills don't get paid, along these lines assortment activity must be sought after. These prerequisites should likewise be as secure as could be expected under the circumstances, behind a firewall, and virtual neighborhood (VLAN). Business ledgers should likewise be followed inside the bookkeeping programming to make certain each cost is accounted for.Finally, finance, which incorporates compensation and wages, finance charges, and derivations must be represented and planned. Coordinating various modules give a balanced bookkeeping programming bundle with the capacity to keep the board educated regarding the budgetary sta tus of the organization. Riordan’s current framework does exclude essential bookkeeping departmental capacities or modules. The organization must dedicate assets and time to produce precise Income Statements, Balance Sheets and the General Ledger in a solidified exertion with outer auditors.As an outcome, a planned exertion ought to be made to solidify frameworks, interface related databases, and buy proper bookkeeping programming. Buy or advancement of programming will decrease information redundancies and increment effectiveness and efficiency. By embraced these measures Riordan will have the option to guarantee consistence, thusly reducing expenses, and spotlight on distinguishing new wellsprings of incomes and cost reserve funds activities. References Apollo Group, Inc. (2012). Riordan producing †intranet. Recovered on November 4, 2012, from https://ecampus. hoenix. edu/secure/aapd/cist/vop/Business/Riordan/list. asp University of Phoenix. (2010). BSA/500 course note s. Recovered from University of Phoenix, BSA500 †Business Systems I site. Perry, Cornell. (2006). Riordan Manufacturing Proposal. Recovered November 18, 2012 from http://www. scribd. com/doc/48198199/Riordan-Manufacturing-Proposal Sanker, S. (2012). Bookkeeping Methods: Cash versus Gathering. Private venture Chronicle. Recovered November 19, 2012, from http://smallbusiness. chron. com/bookkeeping techniques money versus gathering 3732. html

Quit Smoking Lessons Develop the Will to Quit Smoking

Quit Smoking Lessons â€" Develop the Will to Quit Smoking Addiction Nicotine Use How to Quit Smoking Print Quit Lessonsâ€"Building Strong Quit Muscles Quit Smoking 101 â€" Lesson 2 By Terry Martin facebook twitter Terry Martin quit smoking after 26 years and is now an advocate for those seeking freedom from nicotine addiction. Learn about our editorial policy Terry Martin Updated on February 13, 2018 Jamie Grill / Tetra Images /Getty Images More in Addiction Nicotine Use How to Quit Smoking After You Quit Nicotine Withdrawal Smoking-Related Diseases The Inside of Cigarettes Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Coping and Recovery According to the Centers for Disease Control, upwards of 70% of all smokers want to quit smoking. Think about that....70 out of every 100 people who smoke wish they didnt, yet they go on lighting up, day after day. Why? Because nicotine is an insidious addiction. It weaves its way into the fabric of our lives, attaching itself to every activity and emotion we have until we start to think that without our cigarettes, we wont be able to function properly or enjoy life. Developing the Will to Quit Smoking...Permanently People used to tell me that Id quit when I was ready. Years went by while I was waiting to be ready. I worried it might never happen, or that when it finally did, it would be too late. One of the most important things Ive learned since quitting is that it is rare indeed for a smoker to really ever be ready for their quit date. Smokers are addicts, and addicts are controlled by the substance theyre addicted to. If I could give you only one piece of advice, it would be to quit now. Dont wait for the stars to align and conditions to present themselves perfectly because if you do, you might never quit smoking. If You Want to Change Your Life, Change Your Mind Solid will and determination to quit smoking is built one simple day at a time and is bolstered by a variety of things, such as support, education, and gratitude. True freedom is a state of mind.  Do the work it takes to shift your attitude about smoking, and you will be on your way. Getting Started with Smoking Cessation We all feel shaky and uncertain early on in cessation. We are plagued with unhealthy thoughts of smoking and it can seem as though well never be rid of nicotine addiction. Overcoming this phase of the quitting process is much easier to do when you know what to expect and how to combat the challenges that come along the way Todays lesson will help you begin to change the relationship you have to smoking by giving you steps to follow to retrain and condition your mind. Developing the Will to Quit Smoking Why Do I Dread Quitting So Much?  I Hate Smoking!All smokers are familiar with that gut-wrenching fear of quitting as their quit day approaches. Why does it happen and how to manage it? Building Strong Quit MusclesDoes your mind bounce back and forth on the issue of smoking cessation? Or do you quit, only to find yourself smoking again within days, or at most, a few weeks? Does nicotine addiction make you feel weak? Powerless? Youre not alone. Understanding Nicotine AddictionLets take a look at how nicotine affects brain chemistry and begin the educational process that will help us battle this addiction to the ground, once and for all. Recovery from Nicotine Addiction: Myths vs. FactsReview some of the most common misconceptions about quitting tobacco that can hinder your chances for success. Achieving the Mindset for SuccessSuccessful smoking cessation must involve a change of mindset about what cigarettes mean to us, otherwise, well always be at risk for relapse. Smoking Cessation Support Smoking Cessation Support ForumSupport is a key ingredient in a successful quit program. Connect with others who are going through smoking cessation now, along with those who are further along and can offer advice.

Apple A Microeconomic Student s Perspective Essay

Apple in a Microeconomic Student’s Perspective Entering the market around April 1976, Apple Inc. has made a huge revolution on electronic devices. In 2008, Apple Inc. was the best branch globally following is Google Inc., and only last year, Apple has sold 110,000 per day which means 48 million phones a year in total. Starting by only 2 people Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, Apple Computer Inc., former name, was making $2 million in profits solely on the strength of the Apple II, by 1978. After 38 years, Apple has grown tremendously to become a giant company with multibillion in revenue a year. Apple’s market type is competitive, and it is a private enterprise. The company’s best known hardware products include Apple II, Macintosh Computer, the Ipod, the Iphone, the Ipad, IMac, MacBook, etc. Apply not only makes good products, but also has good strategy of marketing and sales. Studying Apple, microeconomic students can learn a lot of them by comparing our lessons t o their real life strategies. Apple has entered so many industries such as mobile phone and laptop industry market, software industry, and music industry. The approximate number of enterprises in mobile Phone and laptop industry are more than 150 company worldwide (Samsung, oppo, †¦) and US alone is 15 company (Amazon, Apple, ATT, BLU Products, Caterpillar, Google Pixel, etc.) In software industry, there is less competitive for Apple because there are less companies provide good quality software in the shareShow MoreRelatedMicroeconomics, Macroeconomics, And Macroeconomics1871 Words   |  8 PagesEconomics is made up of two smaller categories microeconomics, and macroeconomics. Microeconomics is more of a smaller scale such as an industry while macroeconomics is on a more national level. It is important to study economics even if you are not a business owner. For example, understanding economics and the market, you could better determine when to buy a house or when to start u p a business. In a YouTube video titled â€Å"AP Econ Music Video Microeconomics SPHA†, a group of teenagers worked on a musicRead MoreAnalysis Of Different Market Structures Of A Market Structure2335 Words   |  10 Pages Analysis of Different Market Structures Student s name Course name and number Instructor s name Date submitted Analysis of Different Market Structures 1. Introduction The small number of market structure consultancies across the globe shows that the market structure concept is itself considerably new. Clearly, various market structure components have been widely studied over the years: derivatives, exchange, trading, and clearing. Even then, there has been no holistic examination of theRead MoreKellogg Case Book36421 Words   |  146 PagesWholesaling Case – Case #1 of 10 .................................................................................. 48 GOTONet Case – Case #2 of 10............................................................................................... 59 Maine Apples Case – Case #3 of 10 ......................................................................................... 72 Orrington Office Supplies – Case #4 of 10............................................................................... 86 Syzygy SupercomputersRead MoreThe Main Characteristic Of Four Elemental Market Structures3098 Words   |  13 Pages Research Essay CQU Student Name – Moe Moe Khin Student ID - S0239625 Date – 09.01.2015 Abstract In this research essay, the key characteristic of four elemental market structures (i.e. monopoly, oligopoly, perfect competition or monopolistic competition) and their derivatives (i.e. differentiated oligopoly were identified and discussed. Meanwhile other doubts were addressed and being attended to. Such as: To how much extent does the government (in the general sense) has control over theRead MoreSupply and Demand and Key Question16305 Words   |  66 PagesMcConnell, Brue, Barbiero 11th Canadian edition Microeconomics ANSWERS TO END-OF-CHAPTER AND APPENDIX QUESTIONS Chapter 1 1-3 (Key Question) Cite three examples of recent decisions that you made in which you, at least implicitly, weighed marginal costs and marginal benefits. Student answers will vary, but may include the decision to come to class, to skip breakfast to get a few extra minutes of sleep, to attend college or university, or to make a purchase. Marginal benefits of attendingRead MoreFormulation of Marketing Strategies to Improve Market Share4652 Words   |  19 Pagesrequirements of the Degree of Master of Business Administration of Sikkim Manipal University, INDIA [pic] SIKKIM MANIPAL UNIVERSITY OF HELTH, MEDICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES DISTANCE EDUCATION WING SYNDICATE HOUSE MANIPAL – 576104 Annexure B (Student declaration) I here by declare that the project report entitled |â€Å"Formulation of Marketing Strategies to Improve Market Share of LG Microwave Ovens† | submitted in partialRead MoreHow Motorola Mobility s Current Structure, Culture, And Core Competencies4864 Words   |  20 Pagesto analyze whether and how Motorola Mobility’s current structure, culture, and core competencies could be improved, with focus on the organization s current competitive advantage and the sustainability of that advantage. The strategic mission of Motorola Mobility (referenced hereby as Motorola) is to add value to the organization. One of Motorola s main issues as a company is customer satisfaction. A proposed strategy includes improving employee satisfaction. Employees are currently unsatisfiedRead MoreLauden Ch3 Mis6042 Words   |  25 PagesAACSB: Reflective thinking skills CASE: Content Objective: 3.2 5) The competitive forces model was created for today s digital firm. FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 92 AACSB: Reflective thinking skills CASE: Content Objective: 3.2 1 Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6) Customers are one of the competitive forces that affect an organization s ability to compete. TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 95 AACSB: Reflective thinking skills CASE: Content Objective: 3.2 7) A transparentRead MoreStrategic Management and Information Systems19841 Words   |  80 Pagesthat you will need to understand when you design, build, and operate information systems. Then it examines the problems firms face from competition and the various ways in which information systems can provide competitive advantage. Every business student and future manager should know about these strategic uses of information technology. †¢ If your career is in finance and accounting, you will be developing and managing strategic products and services that are largely based on information systems suchRead MoreImpacts of Information Technology on Individuals, Organizations and Societies21097 Words   |  85 PagesPlanning Information Technology Economics Acquiring IT Applications and Infrastructure Security Impacts of IT on Individuals, Organizations, and Society Impacts of IT on Individuals, Organizations, and Society Movie Piracy Learning Objectives 17.1 Perspectives on IT Impacts 17.2 IT Is Eliminating the Barriers of Time, After studying this chapter, you will be able to: Space, and Distance Understand the changes that take place in the workplace and the lives of individuals when information technology

Gender Differences Between Psychological Androgyny...

Abstract This study aimed to test the idea that there are gender differences in psychological androgyny masculinity and femininity scores. Two hundred and twenty nine first year undergraduates (175 females and 54 males), completed one questionnaire measuring masculinity and femininity - Bems sex role inventory (BSRI). Results were analysed using independent t-tests, which revealed that males scored higher than females on the masculinity scores, whereas females scored higher compared with males on the femininity scores. Results lend support for the idea that gender differences do exist in psychological androgyny. Knowing that males and females may differ on these constructs will hopefully lead to a greater appreciation and understanding within society. Introduction Research into gender differences in psychological androgyny has been an ongoing investigation throughout many years. One line of interest investigates whether gender identity is now being recognised as psychologically androgynous, as societies are perhaps now becoming less stereotyped. ‘Gender identity’ is an individual’s awareness of the extent to which they conform to their prescribed gender role (Burke, Stets and Pirog-Good 1988;Spence 1985). ‘Psychological Androgyny’ is an individual who has simultaneously or equally masculine or feminine traits (Bem, 1975). Considerable research has been conducted within this area and has found that psychological androgyny is constructiveShow MoreRelatedA Critique Of The New Policies On Elite Female Athletes1152 Words   |  5 Pagesfeminist ethics, gender/ sexuality, intersex Research Question/Problem: The policies concerning female athletics were unfair and targeted only women and not men. Method/Approach: Describing the IAAF and IOC policies and uses an example of a female athlete (Caster Semenya). Argument/Conclusion: The policies concerning female athletics are made to seem fair but at the same time they target only those women who look more masculine than the others and as a result intensify the â€Å"gender policies† thatRead MoreAndrogyny Essay1781 Words   |  8 PagesAn individual with characteristics of Androgyny are not bound by traditional gender roles, but are more inclined to demonstrate characteristics reminiscent of both. Weiten (1997) defines (as cited in Holt, 1998) gender roles as â€Å"expectations about what is appropriate behaviour for each sex†. What really makes a male or female behave entirely in that manner? Is it the image presented? Could it be the culture, and environment surrounding the individual or is it biological. In 1973, a psychologistRead MoreCorrelation Between Masculinity and Empathy Essay1673 Words   |  7 PagesCorrelation Between Masculinity and Empathy Many psychological studies have been carried out over the years in the topic of personality, in aiming to grasp the type of factors that are involved in bestowing us the personalities that we hold. Most people will have probably come across various personality tests at some stage or another, which ask you lots of questions and then analyze your results in trying to categorize what kind of personality youve got. One of the most fascinating aspectsRead MoreGender Dimension of Brand Personality12092 Words   |  49 PagesBIANCA GROHMANN* Although masculinity and femininity are personality traits relevant to brands, their measurement and contribution to branding theory and practice have not been examined. This article describes the development and validation of a two-dimensional scale measuring masculine and feminine brand personality that is discriminant with regard to existing brand personality dimensions and scales measuring masculinity and femininity as human personality traits. This scale is applied to showRead More Gender Stereotypes in Science and Technology Essay1634 Words   |  7 PagesGender Stereotypes in Science and Technology The experiences we have and the ideas we formulate as children can and do have a tremendous impact on what we do with our lives as adults. One thing that we studied during this course was the differences between toys that boys play with and those that girls play with. When little boys are given things to play with like chemistry sets and erector sets, they are given tools to develop skills like mechanical ability and spatial perception. More importantlyRead MoreDimensionalizing Cultures. the Hofstede Model in Context11051 Words   |  45 Pages978-0-9845627-0-1 Dimensionalizing Cultures: The Hofstede Model in Context Abstract This article describes briefly the Hofstede model of six dimensions of national cultures: Power Distance, Uncertainty Avoidance, Individualism/Collectivism, Masculinity/Femininity, Long/ Short Term Orientation, and Indulgence/Restraint. It shows the conceptual and research efforts that preceded it and led up to it, and once it had become a paradigm for comparing cultures, research efforts that followed and built onRead MoreConsumer Behavior Study Notes7882 Words   |  32 PagesBehaviour: the study of the processes involved when individuals or groups select, purchase, use, or dispose of products, services, ideas, or experiences to satisfy needs and desires. Consumer behaviour is a process Buyer behaviour: the interaction between consumers and producers at the time of purchase. * Exchange (two or more organizations or people give and receive something of value) is an integral part of marketing Consumer behaviour involves many different actors * Purchaser and the

The Amber Spyglass Chapter 37 The Dunes Free Essays

Next day Will and Lyra went out by themselves again, speaking little, eager to be alone with each other. They looked dazed, as if some happy accident had robbed them of their wits; they moved slowly; their eyes were not focused on what they looked at. They spent all day on the wide hills, and in the heat of the afternoon, they visited their gold-and-silver grove. We will write a custom essay sample on The Amber Spyglass Chapter 37 The Dunes or any similar topic only for you Order Now They talked, they bathed, they ate, they kissed, they lay in a trance of happiness murmuring words whose sound was as confused as their sense, and they felt they were melting with love. In the evening they shared the meal with Mary and Atal, saying little, and because the air was hot they thought they’d walk down to the sea, where there might be a cool breeze. They wandered along the river until they came to the wide beach, bright under the moon, where the low tide was turning. They lay down in the soft sand at the foot of the dunes, and then they heard the first bird calling. They both turned their heads at once, because it was a bird that sounded like no creature that belonged to the world they were in. From somewhere above in the dark came a delicate trilling song, and then another answered it from a different direction. Delighted, Will and Lyra jumped up and tried to see the singers, but all they could make out was a pair of dark skimming shapes that flew low and then darted up again, all the time singing and singing in rich, liquid bell tones an endlessly varied song. And then, with a flutter of wings that threw up a little fountain of sand in front of him, the first bird landed a few yards away. Lyra said, â€Å"Pan†¦?† He was formed like a dove, but his color was dark and hard to tell in the moonlight; at any rate, he showed up clearly on the white sand. The other bird still circled overhead, still singing, and then she flew down to join him: another dove, but pearl white, and with a crest of dark red feathers. And Will knew what it was to see his daemon. As she flew down to the sand, he felt his heart tighten and release in a way he never forgot. Sixty years and more would go by, and as an old man he would still feel some sensations as bright and fresh as ever: Lyra’s fingers putting the fruit between his lips under the gold-and-silver trees; her warm mouth pressing against his; his daemon being torn from his unsuspecting breast as they entered the world of the dead; and the sweet rightfulness of her coming back to him at the edge of the moonlit dunes. Lyra made to move toward them, but Pantalaimon spoke. â€Å"Lyra,† he said, â€Å"Serafina Pekkala came to us last night. She told us all kinds of things. She’s gone back to guide the gyptians here. Farder Coram’s coming, and Lord Faa, and they’ll be here†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Pan,† she said, distressed, â€Å"oh, Pan, you’re not happy – what is it? What is it?† Then he changed, and flowed over the sand to her as a snow-white ermine. The other daemon changed, too – Will felt it happen, like a little grip at his heart – and became a cat. Before she moved to him, she spoke. She said, â€Å"The witch gave me a name. I had no need of one before. She called me Kirjava. But listen, listen to us now†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Yes, you must listen,† said Pantalaimon. â€Å"This is hard to explain.† Between them, the daemons managed to tell them everything Serafina had told them, beginning with the revelation about the children’s own natures: about how, without intending it, they had become like witches in their power to separate and yet still be one being. â€Å"But that’s not all,† Kirjava said. And Pantalaimon said, â€Å"Oh, Lyra, forgive us, but we have to tell you what we found out†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Lyra was bewildered. When had Pan ever needed forgiving? She looked at Will, and saw his puzzlement as clear as her own. â€Å"Tell us,† he said. â€Å"Don’t be afraid.† â€Å"It’s about Dust,† said the cat daemon, and Will marveled to hear part of his own nature telling him something he didn’t know. â€Å"It was all flowing away, all the Dust there was, down into the abyss that you saw. Something’s stopped it flowing down there, but – â€Å" â€Å"Will, it was that golden light!† Lyra said. â€Å"The light that all flowed into the abyss and vanished†¦ And that was Dust? Was it really?† â€Å"Yes. But there’s more leaking out all the time,† Pantalaimon went on. â€Å"And it mustn’t. It mustn’t all leak away. It’s got to stay in the world and not vanish, because otherwise everything good will fade away and die.† â€Å"But where’s the rest leaving from?† said Lyra. Both daemons looked at Will, and at the knife. â€Å"Every time we made an opening,† said Kirjava – and again Will felt that little thrill: She’s me, and I’m her – â€Å"every time anyone made an opening between the worlds, us or the old Guild men, anyone, the knife cut into the emptiness outside. The same emptiness there is down in the abyss. We never knew. No one knew, because the edge was too fine to see. But it was quite big enough for Dust to leak out of. If they closed it up again at once, there wasn’t time for much to leak out, but there were thousands that they never closed up. So all this time, Dust has been leaking out of the worlds and into nothingness.† The understanding was beginning to dawn on Will and Lyra. They fought it, they pushed it away, but it was just like the gray light that seeps into the sky and extinguishes the stars: it crept past every barrier they could put up and under every blind and around the edges of every curtain they could draw against it. â€Å"Every opening,† Lyra said in a whisper. â€Å"Every single one – they must all be closed?† said Will. â€Å"Every single one,† said Pantalaimon, whispering like Lyra. â€Å"Oh, no,† said Lyra. â€Å"No, it can’t be true – â€Å" â€Å"And so we must leave our world to stay in Lyra’s,† said Kirjava, â€Å"or Pan and Lyra must leave theirs and come to stay in ours. There’s no other choice.† Then the full bleak daylight struck in. And Lyra cried aloud. Pantalaimon’s owl cry the night before had frightened every small creature that heard it, but it was nothing to the passionate wail that Lyra uttered now. The daemons were shocked, and Will, seeing their reaction, understood why: they didn’t know the rest of the truth; they didn’t know what Will and Lyra themselves had learned. Lyra was shaking with anger and grief, striding up and down with clenched fists and turning her tear-streaming face this way and that as if looking for an answer. Will jumped up and seized her shoulders, and felt her tense and trembling. â€Å"Listen,† he said, â€Å"Lyra, listen: what did my father say?† â€Å"Oh,† she cried, tossing her head this way and that, â€Å"he said – you know what he said – you were there, Will, you listened, too!† He thought she would die of her grief there and then. She flung herself into his arms and sobbed, clinging passionately to his shoulders, pressing her nails into his back and her face into his neck, and all he could hear was, â€Å"No – no – no – â€Å" â€Å"Listen,† he said again, â€Å"Lyra, let’s try and remember it exactly. There might be a way through. There might be a loophole.† He disengaged her arms gently and made her sit down. At once Pantalaimon, frightened, flowed up onto her lap, and the cat daemon tentatively came close to Will. They hadn’t touched yet, but now he put out a hand to her, and she moved her cat face against his fingers and then stepped delicately onto his lap. â€Å"He said – † Lyra began, gulping, â€Å"he said that people could spend a little time in other worlds without being affected. They could. And we have, haven’t we? Apart from what we had to do to go into the world of the dead, we’re still healthy, aren’t we?† â€Å"They can spend a little time, but not a long time,† Will said. â€Å"My father had been away from his world, my world, for ten years. And he was nearly dying when I found him. Ten years, that’s all.† â€Å"But what about Lord Boreal? Sir Charles? He was healthy enough, wasn’t he?† â€Å"Yes, but remember, he could go back to his own world whenever he liked and get healthy again. That’s where you saw him first, after all, in your world. He must have found some secret window that no one else knew about.† â€Å"Well, we could do that!† â€Å"We could, except that†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"All the windows must be closed,† said Pantalaimon. â€Å"All of them.† â€Å"But how do you know?† demanded Lyra. â€Å"An angel told us,† said Kirjava. â€Å"We met an angel. She told us all about that, and other things as well. It’s true, Lyra.† â€Å"She?† said Lyra passionately, suspicious. â€Å"It was a female angel,† said Kirjava. â€Å"I’ve never heard of one of them. Maybe she was lying.† Will was thinking through another possibility. â€Å"Suppose they closed all the other windows,† he said, â€Å"and we just made one when we needed to, and went through as quickly as we could and closed it up immediately – that would be safe, surely? If we didn’t leave much time for Dust to go out?† â€Å"Yes!† â€Å"We’d make it where no one could ever find it,† he went on, â€Å"and only us two would know†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Oh, it would work! I’m sure it would!† she said. â€Å"And we could go from one to the other, and stay healthy – â€Å" But the daemons were distressed, and Kirjava was murmuring, â€Å"No, no.† And Pantalaimon said, â€Å"The Specters†¦ She told us about the Specters, too.† â€Å"The Specters?† said Will. â€Å"We saw them during the battle, for the first time. What about them?† â€Å"Well, we found out where they come from,† said Kirjava. â€Å"And this is the worst thing: they’re like the children of the abyss. Every time we open a window with the knife, it makes a Specter. It’s like a little bit of the abyss that floats out and enters the world. That’s why the Citt? ¤gazze world was so full of them, because of all the windows they left open there.† â€Å"And they grow by feeding on Dust,† said Pantalaimon. â€Å"And on daemons. Because Dust and daemons are sort of similar; grown-up daemons anyway. And the Specters get bigger and stronger as they do†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Will felt a dull horror at his heart, and Kirjava pressed herself against his breast, feeling it, too, and trying to comfort him. â€Å"So every time I’ve used the knife,† he said, â€Å"every single time, I’ve made another Specter come to life?† He remembered Iorek Byrnison, in the cave where he’d forged the knife again, saying, â€Å"What you don’t know is what the knife does on its own. Your intentions may be good. The knife has intentions, too.† Lyra’s eyes were watching him, wide with anguish. â€Å"Oh, we can’t, Will!† she said. â€Å"We can’t do that to people – not let other Specters out, not now we’ve seen what they do!† â€Å"All right,† he said, getting to his feet, holding his daemon close to his breast. â€Å"Then we’ll have to – one of us will have to – I’ll come to your world and†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She knew what he was going to say, and she saw him holding the beautiful, healthy daemon he hadn’t even begun to know; and she thought of his mother, and she knew that he was thinking of her, too. To abandon her and live with Lyra, even for the few years they’d have together – could he do that? He might be living with Lyra, but she knew he wouldn’t be able to live with himself. â€Å"No,† she cried, jumping up beside him, and Kirjava joined Pantalaimon on the sand as boy and girl clung together desperately. â€Å"I’ll do it, Will! We’ll come to your world and live there! It doesn’t matter if we get ill, me and Pan – we’re strong, I bet we last a good long time – and there are probably good doctors in your world – Dr. Malone would know! Oh, let’s do that!† He was shaking his head, and she saw the brilliance of tears on his cheeks. â€Å"D’you think I could bear that, Lyra?† he said. â€Å"D’you think I could live happily watching you get sick and ill and fade away and then die, while I was getting stronger and more grown-up day by day? Ten years†¦ That’s nothing. It’d pass in a flash. We’d be in our twenties. It’s not that far ahead. Think of that, Lyra, you and me grown up, just preparing to do all the things we want to do – and then†¦ it all comes to an end. Do you think I could bear to live on after you died? Oh, Lyra, I’d follow you down to the world of the dead without thinking twice about it, just like you followed Roger; and that would be two lives gone for nothing, my life wasted like yours. No, we should spend our whole lifetimes together, good, long, busy lives, and if we can’t spend them together, we†¦ we’ll have to spend them apart.† Biting her lip, she watched him as he walked up and down in his distracted anguish. He stopped and turned, and went on: â€Å"D’you remember another thing he said, my father? He said we have to build the Republic of Heaven where we are. He said that for us there isn’t any elsewhere. That’s what he meant, I can see now. Oh, it’s too bitter. I thought he just meant Lord Asriel and his new world, but he meant us, he meant you and me. We have to live in our own worlds†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"I’m going to ask the alethiometer,† Lyra said. â€Å"That’ll know! I don’t know why I didn’t think of it before.† She sat down, wiping her cheeks with the palm of one hand and reaching for the rucksack with the other. She carried it everywhere; when Will thought of her in later years, it was often with that little bag over her shoulder. She tucked the hair behind her ears in the swift movement he loved and took out the black velvet bundle. â€Å"Can you see?† he said, for although the moon was bright, the symbols around the face were very small. â€Å"I know where they all are,† she said, â€Å"I got it off by heart. Hush now†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She crossed her legs, pulling the skirt over them to make a lap. Will lay on one elbow and watched. The bright moonlight, reflected off the white sand, lit up her face with a radiance that seemed to draw out some other radiance from inside her; her eyes glittered, and her expression was so serious and absorbed that Will could have fallen in love with her again if love didn’t already possess every fiber of his being. Lyra took a deep breath and began to turn the wheels. But after only a few moments, she stopped and turned the instrument around. â€Å"Wrong place,† she said briefly, and tried again. Will, watching, saw her beloved face clearly. And because he knew it so well, and he’d studied her expression in happiness and despair and hope and sorrow, he could tell that something was wrong; for there was no sign of the clear concentration she used to sink into so quickly. Instead, an unhappy bewilderment spread gradually over her: she bit her lower lip, she blinked more and more, and her eyes moved slowly from symbol to symbol, almost at random, instead of darting swiftly and certainly. â€Å"I don’t know,† she said, shaking her head, â€Å"I don’t know what’s happening†¦ I know it so well, but I can’t seem to see what it means†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She took a deep, shuddering breath and turned the instrument around. It looked strange and awkward in her hands. Pantalaimon, mouse-formed, crept into her lap and rested his black paws on the crystal, peering at one symbol after another. Lyra turned one wheel, turned another, turned the whole thing around, and then looked up at Will, stricken. â€Å"Oh, Will,† she cried, â€Å"I can’t do it! It’s left me!† â€Å"Hush,† he said, â€Å"don’t fret. It’s still there inside you, all that knowledge. Just be calm and let yourself find it. Don’t force it. Just sort of float down to touch it†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She gulped and nodded and angrily brushed her wrist across her eyes, and took several deep breaths; but he could see she was too tense, and he put his hands on her shoulders and then felt her trembling and hugged her tight. She pulled back and tried again. Once more she gazed at the symbols, once more she turned the wheels, but those invisible ladders of meaning down which she’d stepped with such ease and confidence weren’t there. She just didn’t know what any of the symbols meant. She turned away and clung to Will and said desperately: â€Å"It’s no good – I can tell – it’s gone forever – it just came when I needed it, for all the things I had to do, for rescuing Roger, and then for us two, and now that it’s over, now that everything’s finished, it’s just left me†¦ It’s gone, Will! I’ve lost it! It’ll never come back!† She sobbed with desperate abandon. All he could do was hold her. He didn’t know how to comfort her, because it was plain that she was right. Then both the daemons bristled and looked up. Will and Lyra sensed it, too, and followed their eyes to the sky. A light was moving toward them: a light with wings. â€Å"It’s the angel we saw,† said Pantalaimon, guessing. He guessed correctly. As the boy and the girl and the two daemons watched her approach, Xaphania spread her wings wider and glided down to the sand. Will, for all the time he’d spent in the company of Balthamos, wasn’t prepared for the strangeness of this encounter. He and Lyra held each other’s hands tightly as the angel came toward them, with the light of another world shining on her. She was unclothed, but that meant nothing. What clothes could an angel wear anyway? Lyra thought. It was impossible to tell if she was old or young, but her expression was austere and compassionate, and both Will and Lyra felt as if she knew them to their hearts. â€Å"Will,† she said, â€Å"I have come to ask your help.† â€Å"My help? How can I help you?† â€Å"I want you to show me how to close the openings that the knife makes.† Will swallowed. â€Å"I’ll show you,† he said, â€Å"and in return, can you help us?† â€Å"Not in the way you want. I can see what you’ve been talking about. Your sorrow has left traces in the air. This is no comfort, but believe me, every single being who knows of your dilemma wishes things could be otherwise; but there are fates that even the most powerful have to submit to. There is nothing I can do to help you change the way things are.† â€Å"Why – † Lyra began, and found her voice weak and trembling – â€Å"why can’t I read the alethiometer anymore? Why can’t I even do that? That was the one thing I could do really well, and it’s just not there anymore – it just vanished as if it had never come†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"You read it by grace,† said Xaphania, looking at her, â€Å"and you can regain it by work.† â€Å"How long will that take?† â€Å"A lifetime.† â€Å"That long†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"But your reading will be even better then, after a lifetime of thought and effort, because it will come from conscious understanding. Grace attained like that is deeper and fuller than grace that comes freely, and furthermore, once you’ve gained it, it will never leave you.† â€Å"You mean a full lifetime, don’t you?† Lyra whispered. â€Å"A whole long life? Not†¦ not just†¦ a few years†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Yes, I do,† said the angel. â€Å"And must all the windows be closed?† said Will. â€Å"Every single one?† â€Å"Understand this,† said Xaphania: â€Å"Dust is not a constant. There’s not a fixed quantity that has always been the same. Conscious beings make Dust – they renew it all the time, by thinking and feeling and reflecting, by gaining wisdom and passing it on. â€Å"And if you help everyone else in your worlds to do that, by helping them to learn and understand about themselves and each other and the way everything works, and by showing them how to be kind instead of cruel, and patient instead of hasty, and cheerful instead of surly, and above all how to keep their minds open and free and curious†¦ Then they will renew enough to replace what is lost through one window. So there could be one left open.† Will trembled with excitement, and his mind leapt to a single point: to a new window in the air between his world and Lyra’s. And it would be their secret, and they could go through whenever they chose, and live for a while in each other’s worlds, not living fully in either, so their daemons would keep their health; and they could grow up together and maybe, much later on, they might have children, who would be secret citizens of two worlds; and they could bring all the learning of one world into the other, they could do all kinds of good – But Lyra was shaking her head. â€Å"No,† she said in a quiet wail, â€Å"we can’t, Will – â€Å" And he suddenly knew her thought, and in the same anguished tone, he said, â€Å"No, the dead – â€Å" â€Å"We must leave it open for them! We must!† â€Å"Yes, otherwise†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"And we must make enough Dust for them, Will, and keep the window open – â€Å" She was trembling. She felt very young as he held her to his side. â€Å"And if we do,† he said shakily, â€Å"if we live our lives properly and think about them as we do, then there’ll be something to tell the harpies about as well. We’ve got to tell people that, Lyra.† â€Å"The true stories, yes,† she said, â€Å"the true stories the harpies want to hear in exchange. Yes. So if people live their whole lives and they’ve got nothing to tell about it when they’ve finished, then they’ll never leave the world of the dead. We’ve got to tell them that, Will.† â€Å"Alone, though†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Yes,† she said, â€Å"alone.† And at the word alone, Will felt a great wave of rage and despair moving outward from a place deep within him, as if his mind were an ocean that some profound convulsion had disturbed. All his life he’d been alone, and now he must be alone again, and this infinitely precious blessing that had come to him must be taken away almost at once. He felt the wave build higher and steeper to darken the sky, he felt the crest tremble and begin to spill, he felt the great mass crashing down with the whole weight of the ocean behind it against the iron-bound coast of what had to be. And he found himself gasping and shaking and crying aloud with more anger and pain than he had ever felt in his life, and he found Lyra just as helpless in his arms. But as the wave expended its force and the waters withdrew, the bleak rocks remained; there was no arguing with fate; neither his despair nor Lyra’s had moved them a single inch. How long his rage lasted, he had no idea. But eventually it had to subside, and the ocean was a little calmer after the convulsion. The waters were still agitated, and perhaps they would never be truly calm again, but the great force had gone. They turned to the angel and saw she had understood, and that she felt as sorrowful as they did. But she could see farther than they could, and there was a calm hope in her expression, too. Will swallowed hard and said, â€Å"All right. I’ll show you how to close a window. But I’ll have to open one first, and make another Specter. I never knew about them, or else I’d have been more careful.† â€Å"We shall take care of the Specters,† said Xaphania. Will took the knife and faced the sea. To his surprise, his hands were quite steady. He cut a window into his own world, and they found themselves looking at a great factory or chemical plant, where complicated pipe work ran between buildings and storage tanks, where lights glowed at every corner, where wisps of steam rose into the air. â€Å"It’s strange to think that angels don’t know the way to do this,† Will said. â€Å"The knife was a human invention.† â€Å"And you’re going to close them all except one,† Will said. â€Å"All except the one from the world of the dead.† â€Å"Yes, that is a promise. But it is conditional, and you know the condition.† â€Å"Yes, we do. Are there many windows to close?† â€Å"Thousands. There is the terrible abyss made by the bomb, and there is the great opening Lord Asriel made out of his own world. They must both be closed, and they will. But there are many smaller openings, too, some deep under the earth, some high in the air, which came about in other ways.† â€Å"Baruch and Balthamos told me that they used openings like that to travel between the worlds. Will angels no longer be able to do that? Will you be confined to one world as we are?† â€Å"No; we have other ways of traveling.† â€Å"The way you have,† Lyra said, â€Å"is it possible for us to learn?† â€Å"Yes. You could learn to do it, as Will’s father did. It uses the faculty of what you call imagination. But that does not mean making things up. It is a form of seeing.† â€Å"Not real traveling, then,† said Lyra. â€Å"Just pretend†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"No,† said Xaphania, â€Å"nothing like pretend. Pretending is easy. This way is hard, but much truer.† â€Å"And is it like the alethiometer?† said Will. â€Å"Does it take a whole lifetime to learn?† â€Å"It takes long practice, yes. You have to work. Did you think you could snap your fingers, and have it as a gift? What is worth having is worth working for. But you have a friend who has already taken the first steps, and who could help you.† Will had no idea who that could be, and at that moment he wasn’t in the mood to ask. â€Å"I see,† he said, sighing. â€Å"And will we see you again? Will we ever speak to an angel once we go back to our own worlds?† â€Å"I don’t know,† said Xaphania. â€Å"But you should not spend your time waiting.† â€Å"And I should break the knife,† said Will. â€Å"Yes.† While they had been speaking, the window had been open beside them. The lights were glowing in the factory, the work was going on; machines were turning, chemicals were combining, people were producing goods and earning their livings. That was the world where Will belonged. â€Å"Well, I’ll show you what to do,† he said. So he taught the angel how to feel for the edges of the window, just as Giacomo Paradisi had shown him, sensing them at his fingers’ ends and pinching them together. Little by little the window closed, and the factory disappeared. â€Å"The openings that weren’t made by the subtle knife,† Will said, â€Å"is it really necessary to close them all? Because surely Dust only escapes through the openings the knife made. The other ones must have been there for thousands of years, and still Dust exists.† The angel said, â€Å"We shall close them all, because if you thought that any still remained, you would spend your life searching for one, and that would be a waste of the time you have. You have other work than that to do, much more important and valuable, in your own world. There will be no travel outside it anymore.† â€Å"What work have I got to do, then?† said Will, but went on at once, â€Å"No, on second thought, don’t tell me. I shall decide what I do. If you say my work is fighting, or healing, or exploring, or whatever you might say, I’ll always be thinking about it. And if I do end up doing that, I’ll be resentful because it’ll feel as if I didn’t have a choice, and if I don’t do it, I’ll feel guilty because I should. Whatever I do, I will choose it, no one else.† â€Å"Then you have already taken the first steps toward wisdom,† said Xaphania. â€Å"There’s a light out at sea,† said Lyra. â€Å"That is the ship bringing your friends to take you home. They will be here tomorrow.† The word tomorrow fell like a heavy blow. Lyra had never thought she would be reluctant to see Farder Coram, and John Faa, and Serafina Pekkala. â€Å"I shall go now,† said the angel. â€Å"I have learned what I needed to know.† She embraced each of them in her light, cool arms and kissed their foreheads. Then she bent to kiss the daemons, and they became birds and flew up with her as she spread her wings and rose swiftly into the air. Only a few seconds later she had vanished. A few moments after she had gone, Lyra gave a little gasp. â€Å"What is it?† said Will. â€Å"I never asked her about my father and mother – and I can’t ask the alethiometer, either, now†¦ I wonder if I’ll ever know?† She sat down slowly, and he sat down beside her. â€Å"Oh, Will,† she said, â€Å"what can we do? Whatever can we do? I want to live with you forever. I want to kiss you and lie down with you and wake up with you every day of my life till I die, years and years and years away. I don’t want a memory, just a memory†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"No,† he said, â€Å"memory’s a poor thing to have. It’s your own real hair and mouth and arms and eyes and hands I want. I didn’t know I could ever love anything so much. Oh, Lyra, I wish this night would never end! If only we could stay here like this, and the world could stop turning, and everyone else could fall into a sleep†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Everyone except us! And you and I could live here forever and just love each other.† â€Å"I will love you forever, whatever happens. Till I die and after I die, and when I find my way out of the land of the dead, I’ll drift about forever, all my atoms, till I find you again†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"I’ll be looking for you, Will, every moment, every single moment. And when we do find each other again, we’ll cling together so tight that nothing and no one’ll ever tear us apart. Every atom of me and every atom of you†¦ We’ll live in birds and flowers and dragonflies and pine trees and in clouds and in those little specks of light you see floating in sunbeams†¦ And when they use our atoms to make new lives, they won’t just be able to take one, they’ll have to take two, one of you and one of me, we’ll be joined so tight†¦Ã¢â‚¬  They lay side by side, hand in hand, looking at the sky. â€Å"Do you remember,† she whispered, â€Å"when you first came into that cafe in Ci’gazze, and you’d never seen a daemon?† â€Å"I couldn’t understand what he was. But when I saw you, I liked you straightaway because you were brave.† â€Å"No, I liked you first.† â€Å"You didn’t! You fought me!† â€Å"Well,† she said, â€Å"yes. But you attacked me.† â€Å"I did not! You came charging out and attacked me.† â€Å"Yes, but I soon stopped.† â€Å"Yes, but,† he mocked softly. He felt her tremble, and then under his hands the delicate bones of her back began to rise and fall, and he heard her sob quietly. He stroked her warm hair, her tender shoulders, and then he kissed her face again and again, and presently she gave a deep, shuddering sigh and fell still. The daemons flew back down now, and changed again, and came toward them over the soft sand. Lyra sat up to greet them, and Will marveled at the way he could instantly tell which daemon was which, never mind what form they had. Pantalaimon was now an animal whose name he couldn’t quite find: like a large and powerful ferret, red-gold in color, lithe and sinuous and full of grace. Kirjava was a cat again. But she was a cat of no ordinary size, and her fur was lustrous and rich, with a thousand different glints and shades of ink black, shadow gray, the blue of a deep lake under a noon sky, mist-lavender-moonlight-fog†¦ To see the meaning of the word subtlety, you had only to look at her fur. â€Å"A marten,† he said, finding the name for Pantalaimon, â€Å"a pine marten.† â€Å"Pan,† Lyra said as he flowed up onto her lap, â€Å"you’re not going to change a lot anymore, are you?† â€Å"No,† he said. â€Å"It’s funny,† she said, â€Å"you remember when we were younger and I didn’t want you to stop changing at all†¦ Well, I wouldn’t mind so much now. Not if you stay like this.† Will put his hand on hers. A new mood had taken hold of him, and he felt resolute and peaceful. Knowing exactly what he was doing and exactly what it would mean, he moved his hand from Lyra’s wrist and stroked the red-gold fur of her daemon. Lyra gasped. But her surprise was mixed with a pleasure so like the joy that flooded through her when she had put the fruit to his lips that she couldn’t protest, because she was breathless. With a racing heart she responded in the same way: she put her hand on the silky warmth of Will’s daemon, and as her fingers tightened in the fur, she knew that Will was feeling exactly what she was. And she knew, too, that neither daemon would change now, having felt a lover’s hands on them. These were their shapes for life: they would want no other. So, wondering whether any lovers before them had made this blissful discovery, they lay together as the earth turned slowly and the moon and stars blazed above them. How to cite The Amber Spyglass Chapter 37 The Dunes, Essay examples

Sea Manatees an Example by

Sea Manatees Sea manatees also known as sea cows are marine herbivores. They belong to the kingdom animalia , phylum chordate, class mammalian, order sirena, family trichechidae, and the genus trichechus. The manatees length is four meters and weighs about 1000kg. These animals are harmless and lurk around waters that are shallow. They feed on sea grasses that grow inside the sea waters. Manatees are the only animal that leave in sea water and feed on vegetation. Localities where sea manatees can be found are: the Gulf of Mexico, West Africa, Caribbean Sea, and Amazon Basin. Need essay sample on "Sea Manatees" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Undergraduates Frequently Tell Us: How much do I have to pay someone to make my paper today? Essay writer professionals recommend: Find Brilliant Papers For Sale Here Paper Writing Service Buy College Papers Online Writing My Assignment Best Essay Writing Service The mostly studied manatees are the one in the West Indian, which migrated from the rivers of Florida since it is difficult to get the manatees from other locations, especially the ones from West Africa, where they are rarely found, and little about them is known. The Amazon manatees and the West Africa manatees are related to West Indian manatees. The above manatees are also related to the Stellers sea cow which have gone to extinction because of hunting and the dugong (Teaney, 2004, 67) The manatees have got gray body, taper to a puddle shaped flat tail. They have flippers which are the forelimbs which have got three to four nails. Manatees face and head are wrinkled, with snout having whiskers. The animals that are close to manatees in terms of habitation are the hyrax and the elephants. The hyrax is gopher- shaped small mammal. The manatees evolution is based from a plant eating wading animal. Manatees live in slow and shallow rivers, saltwater bays, canals, estuaries, and the coastal regions. Manatees keep on migrating from time to time thus referred to as migratory species. In terms of manatees behavior it is that they move slowly, and gently. They spend most of their time resting, traveling and eating. They are pure herbivores, and thus they consume aquatic plants mostly the sea grass. They eat the water vegetations from the water surface and along the bottom of the water. Manatees may rest just below the water surface or submerged at the bottom of water, where they come up after an average of five minutes to breath. The manatees will only come up to breath frequently when they are utilizing a lot of their energy. The period to which they can stay submerged is approximately 30 seconds. When these mammals are at rest, the period in which they can stay submerged is about 20 minutes (Christie, 2004, 45). Sea manatees are now experiencing critical situations as their existence is being put into threat by the climatic changes, loss of places to live and the boats, as well as their nature of giving birth to a single calf after a length of time in most cases ranging from three to seven years. The existence of sea manatees mainly have got no natural enemy and the estimated to live for about 60 year. The big threat to these animals is the human beings. Their number around Florida is estimated to range from 1000-3000, while in other regions their exact number is not certain (Taylor, 2002, 81). As a result of the above factors the sea manatees are on extinction verge or listed to be vulnerable and are preserved well if were they habitat, despite that, in Ghana they are hunted by people together by the Aborigines tribe members in Australia. There have been more efforts by some organizations around the world, to preserve and ensure the existence of the few available sea manatees which were left from similar destination as that of Stellers sea manatee experienced 240 years ago.Many year back around 1741 the discovery of the giant Stellers sea manatee occurred an island known today as the Commander Island. For about 27 years later around the year 1768 the Stellers sea manatee came to extinction. The reason to this was neither removal of food sources by the otters of the sea nor the change of climatic conditions, but was humans. The Stellers sea manatee were about 2000, there before the Russian fur hunters turned the Island to be their regular stopping point. Since the sea manatee was a major nourishment source for the hunters of the fur, they would as much as possible hunt them for direct consumption and take them along their journey (Leous, Parry, 2005, 198). For every year, about 250 manatees were hunted, and much of them were not consumed but just going to a waste. It is this reason of overexploitation that is believed to have caused the extinction of the Stellers sea cow. Another fact that could have contributed to their extinction is that, the manatees regeneration or reproduction could not have met the over fishing that was taking place then, this is because the manatees rate of reproduction was one calf for after a period of three to seven years while the harvest rate was 250 sea cows in each year. Nowadays, the same case is affecting the manatees, though this time the case is different from that one of hunting. The big challenge that the manatees are facing currently is the threat of being slashed by boats or ships propellers, or struck by boats, since their habitat nature is the shallow sea waters. The sea cows in many cases survive those collisions, but the multiple dorsal disfiguration or mutilation of the tail makes their survival difficult. Despite the fact that these animals can survive with such injuries, this is believed to affect their population number because it reduces the survival ability of the calves or the production of the calves from those females that are wounded. Another threat to the sea manatees is the issue of food source. Despite the fact that sea cows do not face food competition among themselves, the change of the climatic conditions in the habitations is limiting the growth of the sea grasses which serves as the main food for the sea cows. Apart from climatic conditions change, pollution has been another factor that is leading to degradation of sea grasses. Not only does the human pollution have effect on the sea manatees food but also has an impact on them. Together with other sea water mammals, chemical made by man now are threatening the existence of these mammals. Endocrine disruptions can be caused by these chemicals, especially the neurodevelopment and the system of thyroid (Taylor, 2002, 76). These chemicals can have different effects to different kinds of species, but may lead to progesteron concentration increase, asymmetry in wings and many other effects. The impact of these chemical on the sea manatees is not clear known but it is believed that the chemicals effects, affects them the same way it affects the other sea water animal. Together with change of climatic conditions, the chemical effects can lead to consequences that are dramatic, as it has been shown that animals on exposure to such chemical experience difficulties in adapting to different lifestyles compared to the ones not exposed to such situations. Despite the fact that manatees like living in warm water, this change in climate conditions may have adverse effects on the survival ability of the calf and rate of reproduction, even though this is yet to be looked into properly. But this change of climate affects source of their food as indicated above. There have been a lot of efforts by different organizations to save the lives of manatees. In Florida, there is a plan called Florida manatee recovery plan designed purposely to conserve the sea cows. The plan was developed after a witness of increasing death rate of sea manatees in Florida. The plan was also developed as a result of Endangered Species Act. The recovery plan is currently coordinated by the United States of America Fish and wildlife Service (USFWS). This body has gone ahead and established a list of duties and responsibilities which are directed towards manatees recovery from their present endangered status. In side the manatees recovery team is the Save the Manatee Club that carries out the duties and the responsibilities in the plan which is under the USFWS auspices. In addition, within the manatee Technical Advisory Council is still the Save the Manatee club, which is a legislature body for the officials of the government on the protection issues of manatee. Other measures for conservation deemed the significance to save the manatees are: mortality, research covering the biology, distribution and population, habitat and behavior of manatees; management plans implementation; posting of fine levies and speed signs for acquisition of public creation of sanctuaries and critical habitat (Leous, Parry, 2005, 204). To conclude the threat of manatees existence is in the hands of the ones who are putting efforts to save them, that is the human beings. There are group of people around the world who are endeavoring to save sea cows but no much progress is being witnessed. In Florida, the government has enacted some laws to protect the sea manatees, and those who kill or harm these mammals face imprisonment or a fine. Regardless of such laws, the death of manatees is increasing as time goes by and the boaters seem not to bother the refuges and sanctuary of manatees. Despite much reading about these animals, it looks difficult to understand which is the best mechanism to be adopted to save and ensure the survival of the sea cows, since some people seems not to bother about their existence. The ban of boating and fishing in manatees habitats this option seemed to be the way out but it is turning to be impossible request (Cheever, 2004, 52). If the threat of manatees life keeps its phase as it is at the moment, these mammals will disappear on the face of the earth. This implies that there is probability that manatees will face the same destiny as that of Stellers sea cow if no immediate and serious measures are taken. On my point of view is that, every breathing creature on earth has its rights of existence, and it looks awkward to see that it the behavior of human being that are endangering the lives of many species on earth, even some ending up getting extinct. Man should understand the role these species play on his life and the rest of the species and adjust his activities and behavior. Work Cited Cheever Federico. The Take Prohibition in Section 9 of the Endangered Species Act. Environmental Law, Vol.34, 2004, pp.52 Christie Donna. Living Marine Resources Management: A Proposal for Integration of United States Management Regimes. Environmental Law, Vol.34, 2004, pp.45 Leous Justin & Parry Neal. Who Is Responsible for Marine Debris? The International Politics of Cleaning Our Oceans. Journal of International Affairs, Vol.59, 2005, pp.198, 204 Taylor David. Dust in the Wind. Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol.110, 2002, pp.76, 81 Teaney Derek. The Insignificant Killer Whale: A Case Study of Inherent Flaws in the Wildlife Services Distinct Population Segment Policy and a Proposed Solution. Environmental Law, Vol.34, 2004, pp.67